If you've ever dreamed of casting a line in pristine waters surrounded by geothermal wonders, you'll find Yellowstone National Park provides an unmatched fishing encounter. As America's first national park, it boasts over 2,600 miles of streams and 150 lakes teeming with native cutthroat trout and other prized species. But there's more to fishing these waters than simply showing up with your gear – from specific permit requirements to seasonal restrictions and conservation efforts. To make the most of your Yellowstone fishing journey, you'll need to understand the park's unique ecosystem and regulations.
Key Takeaways
- Best fishing occurs in May-June at Firehole River and Madison River, with summer opportunities at Gardner River and Yellowstone River.
- Anglers 16+ must obtain park-specific permits ranging from $40 (3-day) to $75 (season), available at ranger stations and stores.
- Use fast-action 5-6 weight fly rods, rubber-soled boots, and bear spray, with barbless hooks required for all fishing.
- Native cutthroat trout and Arctic grayling must be released, while non-native lake trout in Yellowstone Lake must be killed.
- Fishing season runs Memorial Day to early November, with strict regulations on gear, distances from wildlife, and fishing locations.
When and Where to Fish
Successfully planning your Yellowstone fishing trip requires knowing the best times and locations throughout the season.
In May and June, you'll find prime fishing at the Firehole River, Madison River, and Nez Perce Creek, with West Yellowstone serving as an ideal base.
As summer progresses, shift your focus to the Gardner River, Yellowstone River, and Slough Creek once snowmelt subsides.
Getting Your Fishing Permit
Every angler 16 and older must obtain a valid Yellowstone National Park fishing permit before casting a line in the park's waters.
You won't need a state license, as only park-specific permits are valid here. You can purchase your permit at any ranger station, visitor center, or Yellowstone Park General Store.
You'll have three permit options to choose from: a 3-day permit for $40, a 7-day permit for $55, or a season permit for $75.
If you're bringing children under 15, they can fish for free under your supervision or get their own free permit with your signature.
Remember to keep your permit with you while fishing, as it's non-transferable.
The 2024 annual permit remains valid from May 25 through December 31, with calendar-year validity starting in 2025.
Essential Gear and Equipment
Gearing up for Yellowstone fishing starts with choosing the right rod and reel combination. For most situations, you'll want a fast-action 5 or 6 weight fly rod, though lighter 3-4 weights work well on smaller streams with native trout. Local fly shops can help you select the perfect setup for your needs.
You'll need quality waders and rubber-soled boots, as felt soles aren't allowed in Yellowstone. The Simms Flyweight Access boot is a versatile choice for grip and comfort. If you're traveling light, consider renting wading gear from local shops.
Don't forget essential safety equipment, especially bear spray for backcountry fishing.
You'll also need appropriate flies for the season – from skwala stoneflies to BWOs – and remember to use barbless hooks to comply with park regulations.
Native Vs Non-Native Species
Beyond selecting the right gear, understanding Yellowstone's fish species will enhance your fishing encounter and help protect the park's ecosystem.
You'll find both native species, including Arctic grayling and cutthroat trout, alongside non-natives like brown, brook, rainbow, and lake trout. While you can fish for any of these species, it's important to know that non-natives pose significant threats to Yellowstone's native fish populations.
Lake trout are particularly problematic in Yellowstone Lake, where they prey heavily on native cutthroat trout. Each lake trout consumes about 41 cutthroat trout annually and can live for decades.
The park's ongoing conservation efforts have reduced lake trout populations by 85% since 2012, helping native species recover. When you're fishing, you'll need to follow specific regulations designed to protect native fish populations.
Best Fishing Spots
Yellowstone provides four distinct types of fishing environments: rivers, lakes, small streams, and specialized spots.
You'll find excellent trout fishing in the park's major rivers, with the Yellowstone River presenting iconic cutthroat trout and the Firehole River perfect for fly fishing.
For lake fishing, head to Yellowstone Lake, the park's largest, or try Shoshone Lake for various trout species.
If you prefer intimate settings, explore small streams like Nez Perce Creek, which serves as a thermal refuge for trout, or Obsidian Creek, ideal for family fishing.
For unique encounters, visit Seven Mile Hole below Upper Falls, where you'll find diverse fish populations, or trek to Heart Lake for large lake trout fishing in a more secluded environment.
Rules and Regulations
Before heading out to fish in Yellowstone National Park, you’ll need to familiarize yourself with the strict regulations that protect its aquatic ecosystem. These regulations include rules on the type and size of fish you can catch, as well as guidelines on catch and release practices. Additionally, fishing in certain areas may require a permit or reservation. It’s also important to be aware of the rules and safety guidelines for boating on Yellowstone River, which is a popular spot for fishing enthusiasts. These regulations are in place to ensure that the park’s natural resources are preserved for future generations to enjoy.
You must obtain a YNP fishing permit if you're 16 or older, and you can only fish from sunrise to sunset during the season, which runs from Memorial Day weekend through early November.
You'll need to use lead-free artificial lures or flies with barbless hooks, and felt-soled waders aren't allowed.
All native fish, including cutthroat trout and Arctic grayling, must be released unharmed. If you're fishing in Yellowstone Lake, you must kill any lake trout you catch.
When handling fish, minimize contact and keep them in quiet water. Remember to stay 100 yards from bears and wolves, and don't fish from bridges or boat docks.
Frequently Asked Questions
What's the Best Way to Clean and Store Fish Caught in Yellowstone?
You'd think cleaning fish would be a shore-side activity, but remove gills and entrails in the water. Keep the skin on, store in sealed containers, and cool promptly.
Are Guided Fishing Tours Available Within the Park?
Yes, you'll find guided fishing tours within the park presenting walk-wade, drift boat, and lake trips. Professional guides provide all gear and customize encounters for your skill level.
Can I Rent Fishing Equipment Somewhere in Yellowstone?
Looking to cast a line without bringing gear? You'll find rental equipment at The Rivers Edge and Madison River Outfitters in West Yellowstone, though it's best to reserve in advance.
What Should I Do if I Catch an Injured or Tagged Fish?
If you catch a tagged fish, record the tag number and location before releasing it. For injured fish, handle them gently and release them immediately to minimize stress and mortality.
Are There Wheelchair-Accessible Fishing Spots in Yellowstone National Park?
You'll find wheelchair-accessible fishing at Madison River's Mt. Haynes Overlook, which presents a level boardwalk and fishing platform. Yellowstone Lake also provides accessible spots with guided tours and boat rentals.
